battle of dogger bank 1904

ID: EC7PR4 (RM) [38] (In 1920, Scheer wrote that the number of British ships present suggested that they had known about the operation in advance, but that this was put down to circumstances, although "other reasons" could not be excluded. [15] Soon after the German force sailed, the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron (Commodore William Goodenough) and the battlecruisers departed Rosyth, heading south; at 07:05 on 24 January, a clear day with good visibility, they encountered German screening vessels at the Dogger Bank. During World War I, on Jan. 24, 1915, a battle occurred in the Dogger Bank area between British and German cruiser squadrons. Two of the most efficient and powerful British squadrons...knowing approximately what to expect...had failed to bring to action an enemy who was acting in close conformity with our appreciation and with whose advanced screen contact had been established. [36] In 1965, Marder wrote that over 1,000 German sailors had been killed or captured, for British casualties of fewer than 50 men killed or wounded. Dogger Bank incident during the Russo Japanese War (1904) Military History: Dec 6, 2020: Way of Japanese horse: Asian History: Dec 6, 2020: Effectiveness of the late WW2 Japanese tanks? The Dogger Bank incident (also known as the North Sea Incident, the Russian Outrage or the Incident of Hull) occurred on the night of 21/22 October 1904, when the Russian Baltic Fleet mistook some British trawlers in the Dogger Bank area of the North Sea for an Imperial Japanese Navy force and fired on them. The incident briefly brought Britain and Russia to the edge of war, but a … German messages could be passed only by wireless, using cyphers to disguise their content. [1] Beatty chose to approach from this direction so that the prevailing wind blew the British ships' smoke clear, allowing them a good view of the German ships, while German gunners were partially blinded by their funnel and gun smoke blowing towards the British ships. The editorial of the morning's Times was particularly scathing: To cover the East Coast and act as distant support, the 3rd Cruiser Squadron and the seven pre-dreadnoughts of the 3rd Battle Squadron (Admiral Edward Eden Bradford) sailed from Rosyth for an area in the North Sea, from which they could cut off the German force if it moved north. [10], After navigating a non-existent minefield, the Russian fleet sailed into the North Sea. The battlecruisers failed to improve fire distribution and similar targeting errors were made at Jutland. In 1921, the official historian Julian Corbett wrote. Dogger Bank fishing boats were famously attacked by the Russian Baltic Fleet in October 1904, and when the First World War broke out a decade later, they continued to trawl for fish, with British, German and neutral boats continuing to ply the waters. A rendezvous was set for 24 January at 07:00, 30 nmi (35 mi; 56 km) north of the Dogger Bank and about 180 nmi (210 mi; 330 km) west of Heligoland. The Signalbuch der Kaiserlichen Marine (SKM) was captured from the German light cruiser SMS Magdeburg after it ran aground in the Baltic on 26 August 1914. Battle Beatty tried to correct this obvious misunderstanding by using the order from Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar "Engage the enemy more closely" but this order was not in the signal book and Beatty chose "Keep nearer to the enemy" as the closest equivalent. With five British ships against four German, Beatty intended that his two rear ships, New Zealand and Indomitable, should engage Blücher, while his leading three engaged their opposite numbers. On Oct. 9 (22), 1904, British fishing boats in the vicinity of Dogger Bank were fired upon by a Russian squadron under Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskii (the “Hull Incident”). No damage was done but the British ships put on speed and withdrew to avoid further aerial attack, leaving some of the survivors behind. When struck by two torpedoes from the light cruiser Arethusa, Blücher capsized at 54 25' N. [6], The Russian warships involved in the incident were en route to the Far East, to reinforce the 1st Pacific Squadron stationed at Port Arthur, and later Vladivostok, during the Russo-Japanese War. [15] The International Commission met in Paris from 9 January to 25 February 1905. Tiger's fire was ineffective, as she mistook the shell splashes from Lion for her own, when the fall of shot was 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) beyond Seydlitz. 1. The lack of a proper war staff at the Admiralty and poor liaison between Room 40, Oliver and the operations staff meant that the advantage was poorly exploited in 1915; it was not until 1917 that this was remedied. Information could reach the Grand Fleet late, incomplete or mistakenly interpreted. [13][14], On 25 November 1904, the British and the Russian governments signed a joint agreement in which they agreed to submit the issue to an international commission of inquiry whose proceedings were to be based on the Hague Convention. Before 1914, international communication was conducted via undersea cables laid along shipping lanes, most of which were under British control. A message from the Admiralty arrived that the Germans were planning a night destroyer attack but that the destroyers with the two scouting groups were low on fuel and those with the HSF were too far away. [28], Despite the overwhelming odds, Blücher put the British destroyer HMS Meteor out of action and scored two hits on the British battlecruisers with its 21 cm (8.3 in) guns. This signals intelligence meant that the British did not need wasteful defensive standing patrols and sweeps of the North Sea but could economise on fuel and use the time for training and maintenance. What would have been the result politically as well as militarily if the UK had taken action against the Russian Fleet over the sinking of the British fishing vessels. The Battle of Dogger Bank was a naval engagement on 24 January 1915, near the Dogger Bank in the North Sea, during the First World War, between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the Kaiserliche Marine (High Seas Fleet). [14], Wireless transmissions from German ships in the Jade River on 23 January 1915, intercepted and decoded by Room 40, alerted the British to a German sortie in force as far as the Dogger Bank. The Battle of Dogger Bank (1781), 5 August 1781, during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War between a British squadron under Hyde Parker and a Dutch squadron under Johan Zoutman The Dogger Bank incident (1904), 21 October 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War, when Russian sailors wrongly opened fire on British fishing boats … Dogger Bank incident (1904) Battle of Tsushima (1905) October Revolution (1917) Siege of Leningrad (1941–44) General characteristics ; Class and type: Pallada-class protected cruiser: Displacement: 6,731 t (6,625 long tons) Length: 126.8 m (416 ft 0 in) Beam: 16.8 m (55 ft 1 in) Draught: 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in) Installed power: 24 Belleville boilers Russian and Japanese imperial ambitions had led to the Russo-Japanese War breaking out in early 1904, with the two countries battling over control of areas of China and Korea. [12] The fleet then proceeded to the Sea of Japan where it was soundly defeated in the Battle of Tsushima. PMN1. The Borodino, 1904, lead ship of her class A ‘near miss’ was the Dogger Bank Incident of October 1904. Lion was taken in tow by Indomitable, an operation which took two hours, in which the battlecruisers were exceedingly vulnerable to submarine attacks. Captain Henry Pelly of the new battlecruiser Tiger assumed that two ships should concentrate on the leading German ship and engaged Seydlitz, leaving Moltke free to fire at Lion. In January 1915 the commander of the German “Open Sea” fleet, Admiral F. … With Lion′s electric generators out of action, Beatty could only signal using flag hoists and both signals were flown at the same time. The British had let the raid occur and appeared to the public to have been surprised (having been forewarned by decoded wireless messages) and then to have failed to sink the German raiding force on its way back to Germany. The editorial of the morning's Times was particularly scathing: It is almost inconceivable that any men calling themselves seamen, however frightened they might be, could spend twenty minutes bombarding a fleet of fishing boats without discovering the nature of their target. The memorial, approximately 18 feet high, shows the dead fisherman George Henry Smith and carries the following inscription: Erected by public subscription to the memory of George Henry Smith (skipper) and William Richard Legget (third hand), of the steam-trawler CRANE, who lost their lives through the action of the Russian Baltic Fleet in the North Sea, 22 October 1904, and Walter Whelpton, skipper of the trawler MINO, who died through shock, May 1905. [34] The surviving German ships reached port; Derfflinger was repaired by 17 February but Seydlitz needed a drydock and was not ready for sea until 1 April. The British disabled Blücher, the rearmost German ship and the Germans put the British flagship HMS Lion out of action. The Dogger Bank incident (also known as the North Sea Incident, the Russian Outrage or the Incident of Hull) occurred on the night of 21/22 October 1904, when the Russian Baltic Fleet mistook some British trawlers at Dogger Bank for an Imperial Japanese Navy force and fired on them. Dogger Bank was a British victory, but it was one that glossed over many problems, such as poor gunnery, dangerous ammunition handling procedures and signalling errors. The worst British failure was in the exploitation of the intelligence provided by the code breakers at Room 40 (Sir Alfred Ewing), that had given the British notice of the raid. Russian warships also fired on each other in the chaos of the … Dogger Bank 1904 Dogger Bank 1904. [16] No warships had engaged at such long ranges or at such high speeds before and accurate gunnery for both sides was an unprecedented challenge but after a few salvos, British shells straddled Blücher. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}54°43′26″N 2°46′08″E / 54.724°N 2.769°E / 54.724; 2.769, The Dogger Bank incident (also known as the North Sea Incident, the Russian Outrage or the Incident of Hull) occurred on the night of 21/22 October 1904, when the Baltic Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy mistook a British trawler fleet from Kingston upon Hull in the Dogger Bank area of the North Sea for Imperial Japanese Navy torpedo boats[1] and fired on them. In the aftermath some British newspapers called the Russian fleet 'pirates' and Admiral Rozhestvensky was heavily criticised for not leaving the British sailors lifeboats. The reconnaissance and British activity at the Dogger Bank led Ingenohl to order Hipper and the I Scouting Group to survey the area and surprise and destroy any light forces found there. After the British victory, both navies replaced officers who were thought to have shown poor judgement and made changes to equipment and procedures because of failings observed during the battle. The Battle of Dogger Bank was a naval battle fought near the Dogger Bank in the North Sea on 24 January 1915, during the First World War, between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet. Russia voluntarily paid a compensation of £66,000 to the fishermen. Due to inadequate signalling, the remaining British ships stopped the pursuit to sink Blücher; by the time the ship had been sunk, the rest of the German squadron had escaped. The new 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron (Rear-Admiral Gordon Moore deputy to Beatty) had New Zealand as flagship and Indomitable. Before the Dogger Bank incident, the nervous Russian fleet fired on fishermen carrying consular dispatches from Russia to them, near the Danish coast, without causing any damage due to their poor gunnery. The Dogger Bank incident occurred on the night of 21/22 October 1904 when the Baltic Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy mistook a British trawler fleet in the Dogger Bank area for Imperial Japanese Navy torpedo boats and fired on them. Hipper ordered German ships vigorously to enforce search and seizure rules, fishing boats being brought into Cuxhaven to be searched. The Battle of Dogger Bank was a naval engagement on 24 January 1915, near the Dogger Bank in the North Sea, during the First World War, between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the Kaiserliche Marine (High Seas Fleet). [19][20] Only the prompt action of the executive officer in flooding the magazines saved Seydlitz from a magazine explosion that would have destroyed the ship. [7], With the German High Seas Fleet (HSF) confined to port after the British success at the Battle of Heligoland Bight in 1914, Admiral Friedrich von Ingenohl, the Commander-in-Chief of the HSF planned a raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby on the east coast of England, with the I Scouting Group (Admiral Franz von Hipper), a battlecruiser squadron of three battlecruisers and a large armoured cruiser, supported by light cruisers and destroyers. The British had intercepted and decoded German wireless transmissions, gaining advance knowledge that a German raiding squadron was heading for Dogger Bank and ships of the Grand Fleet sailed to intercept the raiders. [30] By this time, the rest of the German ships were too far away for the British to catch up. Blücher had to reduce speed to 17 kn (20 mph; 31 km/h) and lagged behind the rest of the German force. The Grand Fleet left Scapa at 21:00 on 23 January, to sweep the southern North Sea but could not be expected to arrive on the scene until the afternoon of 24 January. Russian warships also fired on each other in the chaos of the melée. Russian attack on British trawlers in 1904, This article is about a 1904 Russian attack on British fishermen. The 'Battle' of Dogger Bank Borodino Having survived attacks from phantom Japanese torpedo boats and submarines and having negotiated a non-existent minefield, the squadron sailed into the North Sea where the Russians spotted the Hull trawler fleet fishing on the Dogger Bank. Three of the … [18] At 09:43, Seydlitz was hit by a 13.5 in (340 mm) shell from Lion, which penetrated her after turret barbette and caused an ammunition fire in the working chamber. Derfflinger was hit once, which set her on fire. The destroyers reformed into an anti-submarine screen and the ships reached the firth at midnight; the destroyer Meteor was towed into the Humber Estuary. Dogger Bank Incident AHC: Make Russo-Japanese War into Great War Britain joins Russo-Japanese War WI: Dogger Bank Sparks a War Russian Empire vs British Empire, early 1900s. In the aftermath some British newspapers called the Russian fleet 'pirates' and Admiral Rozhestvensky was heavily criticised for not leaving the British sailors lifeboats. The British trawler Crane was sunk, and its captain and first mate were killed. Ten men were killed on Tiger with nine men wounded and on Meteor, four men were killed and two were wounded. More serious losses to both sides were only avoided by the extremely low quality of Russian gunnery, with the battleship Oryol reportedly firing more than 500 shells without hitting anything. The Admiral took the report seriously and quickened his coaling and commenced sailing. Because of incorrect reports about the presence of Japanese torpedo boats, submarines and minefields in the North Sea, and the general nervousness of the Russian sailors, 48 harmless fishing vessels were atta… At 17:00, the voyage resumed, the ships eventually managing 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h) and when the Grand Fleet arrived, Jellicoe increased the screen to thirteen light cruisers and 67 destroyers. [35][36], At first the Germans thought that Tiger had been sunk, because of a large fire that had been seen on her decks, but it was soon clear that the battle was a serious German reverse. [27], The combination of the signal "Course NE"—which happened to be the direction of Blücher—and the signal to engage the rear was misunderstood by Beatty's second-in-command, Rear-Admiral Moore on New Zealand, as an order for all the battlecruisers to finish off Blücher. During the Russo-Japanese War, Russian naval ships opened fire on British fishing boats in the Dogger Bank incident on 21 October 1904, mistaking them for Japanese torpedo boats. Blücher was hit by about 70 shells and wrecked. On 19 January, Beatty had reconnoitred the area west of the German Bight and been seen by a German aircraft. While enroute, Admiral Rozhestvensky received an intelligence report from the Russian transport Bakan in the Langeland Belt of "four torpedo-boats which only showed lights on the mizenmast-head, so that at a distance they might be taken for fishing boats." [24] At 10:30, Blücher was hit by a shell from Princess Royal, which caused an ammunition fire and boiler room damage. With a calm sea and a breeze from the north-east, Zoutman manoeuvred his line onto a port tack, heading south-east by east, and awaited Parker, who held the weather gage. The 'Battle' of Dogger Bank Having survived attacks from phantom Japanese torpedo boats and submarines and having negotiated a non-existent minefield, the squadron sailed into the North Sea where the Russians spotted the Hull trawler fleet fishing on the Dogger Bank. Planning permission is sought for a temporary construction access into the onshore converter station site on the periphery of Wilton International. At sea, Beatty had sent ambiguous signals and some commanders had not used their initiative. 3,941 3. Hours after the British ultimatum to Germany in August 1914, they cut German cables. Harwich Force (Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt) sailed from Harwich with three light cruisers and 35 destroyers, to rendezvous with the battlecruisers at 07:00 on 24 January. 21–22 Oct 1904 Dogger Bank Incident Russian Baltic Fleet, bound for the Far East, fires on British trawlers in Dogger Bank, killing 3 fishermen in wikipedia. Lion made it back to port but was out of action for several months. 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